Launching of the Green Stewardship Project
Pakistan is facing serious environmental challenges such as environmental pollution, land degradation, water and air pollution. Freshwater/Industrial pollution is mostly unchecked and may get worse unless economic activity is underpinned with sustainable development. Efforts are underway to attain goals of sustainable social and economic development, ensuring water, food, energy and environment securities, without over-exploiting forests and ecosystems.
Green Living Association has introduced Green Stewardship for the students from preschool to 12th grade to transform individuals’ potential into collective societal development. Green Stewardship aims at developing students as Green Stewards not only to bring Green Living in their lives but also to help them leading their fellow citizens to successfully address the critical challenges like global warming and climate change and serious domestic challenges including energy and water shortfall.
Green Stewardship is a highly creative and jointly organised activity to bring an inclusive positive change by involving our youth and their families because if they change their focus from non-productive and aimless activities to campaigning for environment protection - their collective contribution will bring an enormous impact. Green Stewardship offers basic environmental science concepts, especially how human activity has led to climate change and global warming, and how our focused and planned action could effectively address the challenge. Such an inspiration developed by the Green Stewardship has great potential of developing the lives of the young Green-Stewards in many ways, such as:
I. Development of the young children into altruistic and responsible beings to secure environment
II. Advancement of such inspiration to the fellow citizens to reduce their carbon footprint by developing their ordinary lifestyles into Green Living
III. Global recognition as the young Green-Stewards with the presentation of Green Stewardship Certification.
To recognise the commendable role performed by the Green Stewards in the development of society we have announced for them Green Stewardship Certification as a Global Recognition.
In making the activity even more inspiring GLA has announced a wide range of more prizes and awards for the participants besides offering Green Stewardship Certification. Other prizes include Rs. 100,000 Cash Prize, Laptops, LED Monitors, Gold and Silver Medals, Green Home Appliances, Green Stewards Insignias and Honour Shields. ... See MoreSee Less
1 month ago ·
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As GLA has announced Kindness BINGO results, it’s time to extend gratitude to everyone who joined ‘Kindness BINGO’ to learn and experience the power of kindness in bringing about a positive inner and outer change. Kindness BINGO was focused to promote Kindness and harmony in the society, which could contribute enormously in the making of a harmonized and extremism free Pakistani society and a peaceful world. Every Green Angel and every supporter really showed off their true spirit in accomplishing the task.
Our successful achievement in promoting kindness is a real joy. It's not about the prizes and rewards, as, these are the minor part of the campaign which we are running to beautify our beloved homeland and wonderful planet – it's the greatest of all objectives.
We thank all of our Green Partners; the schools' directors, administrators, the teachers, dear Green Angels and obviously the parents – for helping to extend the message of kindness throughout the nation.
This time we have exclusive prizes besides the prizes for the National winners. These include the Town Winners, the Gold Medallists, the Silver Medallists and obviously the Kindness Global Representatives Insignia. And the most important part of celebration is all Green Angels (participating students) are going to attain delightful ‘Appreciation Certificates’ which we are presenting to recognize your wonderful participation in Kindness BINGO.
We are sending the prizes to the respective campuses to make sure that all prizes reach to their destinies before 10th of June. ... See MoreSee Less
5 months ago ·
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New ancestor of modern sea turtles found
A sea turtle discovered in Alabama is a new species from the Late Cretaceous epoch, according to a study published April 18, 2018 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Drew Gentry from the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA, and colleagues.
Modern day sea turtles were previously thought to have had a single ancestor of the of the Peritresius clade during the Late Cretaceous epoch, from about 100 to 66 million years ago. This ancestral species, Peritresius ornatus, lived exclusively in North America, but few Peritresius fossils from this epoch had been found in what is now the southeastern U.S., an area known for producing large numbers of Late Cretaceous marine turtle fossils. In this study, the research team analyzed sea turtle fossils collected from marine sediments in Alabama and Mississippi, dating from about 83 to 66 million years ago.
The researchers identified some of the Alabama fossils as representing a new Peritresius species, which they named Peritresius martini after Mr. George Martin who discovered the fossils. Their identification was based on anatomical features including the shape of the turtle's shell. Comparing P. martini and P. ornatus, the researchers noted that the shell of P. ornatus is unusual amongst Cretaceous sea turtles in having sculptured skin elements which are well-supplied with blood vessels. This unique feature may suggest that P. ornatus was capable of thermoregulation, which could have enabled Peritresius to keep warm and survive during the cooling period of the Cretaceous, unlike many other marine turtles that went extinct.
These findings extend the known evolutionary history for thePeritresius clade to include two anatomically distinct species from the Late Cretaceous epoch, and also reveal that Peritresius was distributed across a wider region than previously thought.
Drew Gentry says: "This discovery not only answers several important questions about the distribution and diversity of sea turtles during this period but also provides further evidence that Alabama is one of the best places in the world to study some of the earliest ancestors of modern sea turtles."
Story Source:
Materials provided by PLOS. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Journal Reference:
Andrew D. Gentry, James F. Parham, Dana J. Ehret, Jun A. Ebersole. A new species of Peritresius Leidy, 1856 (Testudines: Pan-Cheloniidae) from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Alabama, USA, and the occurrence of the genus within the Mississippi Embayment of North America. PLOS ONE, 2018; 13 (4): e0195651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195651 ... See MoreSee Less
6 months ago ·
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UNESCO publishes first status report on ocean sciences around the world
Ocean sciences are led by a small number of industrialized countries although collecting data and taking the measure of the ocean’s health is a global priority considering the economic and environmental stakes involved, according to the Global Ocean Science Report, compiled by UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission. The Report advocates increased investment into research and calls for greater international scientific cooperation.
The Global Ocean Science Report: The Current Status of Ocean Science around the World, has been presented at the United Nations in New York on 8 June, World Ocean Day, as part of the United Nations’ Ocean Conference which took place until 9 June.
“The publication marks a turning point in that it is the first such tool developed to help inform countries’ and stakeholders’ decisions and investments in favour of the ocean. It will also play a major role in assessing progress towards meeting Sustainable Development Goal 14, adopted by the United Nations to preserve the key resource that the ocean represents for humanity as a whole,” declared UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova.
Unequal investments
The Report’s first observation is that ocean sciences are expensive since sounding the seas requires costly ships and equipment, satellite imaging, underwater robots or remotely controlled vehicles. The collection and processing of data by thousands of scientists is also costly. Only industrialized countries can afford such investments and the largest ocean research budgets today are to be found in Australia, France, Germany, the Republic of Korea, and the United States of America.
In general, countries’ commitment varies significantly according to their size, the length of their coastline and the economic benefits they draw from their marine resources. According to data in the Report*, the share of national scientific budgets allocated to the ocean varies from 0.1% (Russian Federation) to 21.4% (Argentina). The share of research and development budgets dedicated to ocean sciences also varies a great deal, ranging from 0.04% (Ecuador) to 4.7% (Croatia). The other leaders in this area are Norway, the Republic of Korea, Thailand, and Trinidad and Tobago.
Ocean sciences have relied heavily on national public funding, which on average accounts for more than 70% of financing. This is subject to fluctuations: from 2009 to 2013, countries like Italy, Norway and Turkey increased their funding while Australia and Spain made significant cuts.
The authors of the Report argue that ensuring stable funding is particularly important considering financial revenues obtained from the ocean. In 2010 the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) estimated the ocean to yield an added value of 1.5 trillion dollars. Hence the need to diversify funding.
The private sector’s contribution to ocean research has indeed grown with a number of merchant ships collecting data for scientific projects. Also, non-governmental organizations such as the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation and The David and Lucile Packard Foundation are funding ocean science or preservation programmes.
Hardware holds the key
Specialized institutions and laboratories play a leading role in the study of subjects such as marine biodiversity and ecosystems, water acidification or the impact of human activity on coastal environments. Most of these institutions are situated in Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the United Kingdom and the U.S.
These research centres tend to specialize in their respective countries’ priority areas. Thus, Finland, India and Norway have many institutions that specialize in fishing, while Argentina, France, Italy, Kuwait and the Russian Federation tend to focus on ocean observation.
Research ships are an important element in marine research in as far as they give scientists access both to coastal areas and to the high seas. A total of 371 such ships plough the world’s seas. Fifty-one of them fly the U.S. flag, 29 are Japanese, 28 German, 27 Turkish, 26 Korean (Republic of Korea), 20 Canada, 20 Italian and 18 French.
Many female researchers
Disparities are also considerable when it comes to human resources. China has the largest contingent of people employed in marine sciences totalling 38,000 scientists and technicians. It is followed by the United States of America (4,000 researchers), Germany (3,300), France (3,000), Republic of Korea (2,400) and Italy (2,100). It is worth noting that Norway has the highest number of researchers per million inhabitants (364), followed by Belgium (74).
Women researchers are more numerous in the marine sciences than in the sciences as a whole. In 2013, women accounted for 38% of ocean scientists, 10% more than in other areas of scientific research. In Angola, Argentina, Croatia, Ecuador and Suriname, more than half the marine researchers are women.
The Report also includes information about the number of scientific publications dedicated to the ocean, as a gauge of this sector’s importance. Between 2010 and 2014, 372,852 such works were published. With 33% of publications, Europe leads the pack, followed by Asia, 28%, and North America 26%. The single country with the most publications is the U.S. It is followed by Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom. China, however, registers the greatest growth in the number of publications and significant progress is also noted in Brazil, India, Iran and the Republic of Korea.
The report also contains a series of recommendations to the attention of policy-makers. It advocates reinforced cooperation among countries and different ocean-centred institutions to enable as many countries as possible to carry out research and maximize its impact. It also recommends boosting the collection and treatment of data, as well as the development of alternative financing models.
While taking stock of the status of ocean science in the world, the Report is designed to help identify the strengths and weaknesses of this science, which has a direct impact both on the economy and on the environment. To be published every five years, the inaugural Report also serves as an instrument to assess progress in the accomplishment of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal No.14 (link is external) for 2030: “Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources.”
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*Country data comes from replies to a questionnaire sent out by the authors of the Report.
More on the Report
Media contacts: Vinicius Lindoso, UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, v.lindoso@unesco.org (link sends e-mail), +33 (0)7 89 63 01 31
Agnès Bardon, UNESCO Media Services, +33 (0)145681764, a.bardon@unesco.org ... See MoreSee Less
1 years ago ·
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Bird flu spread mutations among humans identified
An international team of scientists has identified several genetic mutations that, should they arise, could potentially allow the avian influenza strain H7N9 to spread between humans. The findings are published in PLOS Pathogens.
H7N9 is a strain of flu virus that normally infects birds but has spread to at least 779 humans in a number of outbreaks related to poultry markets. The virus is not currently capable of spreading sustainably from human to human, but scientists are concerned that it could potentially mutate into a form that can.
To investigate this possibility, James Paulson of The Scripps Research Institute, California, and colleagues analyzed mutations that could occur in H7N9's genome. They focused on a gene that codes for the H7 hemagglutanin, a protein found on the surface of flu viruses. This protein allows flu viruses to latch onto host cells.
Flu strains that circulate in avian viruses have different subtypes of hemagglutanin, called H1-H16. So far only three subtypes have been found in human flu viruses (H1, H2 and H3). Like other avian flu viruses, H7N9 has is specific for receptors on bird cells, but not receptors on human cells. However, a transition to human specificity could enable H7N9 to circulate among humans, just like other human flu strains that have caused pandemics in the past.
The research team used molecular modeling and knowledge of hemagglutanin's structure to identify mutations that would change the protein's amino acid sequence and cause a switch to human specificity. Then, they produced the hemagglutanin with different combinations of these mutations in an experimental cell line (testing the mutations in H7N9 viruses themselves could be dangerous).
The scientists harvested the mutant hemagglutanin proteins from the cells and tested how strongly they bound to human-type and bird-type receptors. Several forms with mutations in three amino acids bound far more strongly to human receptors; they had switched specificity from bird to human. These triple-mutant H7 hemagglutinins also successfully latched onto cells in samples of human trachea tissue.
Safety regulations prohibit introducing these mutations to actual H7N9 viruses, limiting scientists' ability to test their effects in animals. Nonetheless, the research team suggests that keeping an eye out for the development of these mutations in humans infected with H7N9 could help trigger a timely response to prevent potential spread.
Story Source:
Materials provided by PLOS. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Journal Reference:
de Vries RP, Peng W, Grant OC, Thompson AJ, Zhu X, Bouwman KM, et al. Three mutations switch H7N9 influenza to human-type receptor specificity. PLoS Pathog, 2017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006390 ... See MoreSee Less
1 years ago ·
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